AI caller disclosure by state.
What each state requires when an automated assistant answers a dealership's missed calls or places a manager-approved outbound call: disclosure, consent and the statute. 3 with a disclosure statute, 1 on request, 47 with no AI-specific statute. Last reviewed September 21, 2026.
The federal baseline
Federal law is the floor in every state. The Telephone Consumer Protection Act, 47 U.S.C. 227, restricts calls made with an artificial or prerecorded voice, and on February 8, 2024 the Federal Communications Commission ruled that voices generated by artificial intelligence are artificial voices under that law. An AI agent placing outbound calls is therefore making artificial voice calls. A non marketing call to a mobile number needs prior express consent. A call that advertises or sells needs prior express written consent that is signed and names your dealership. FCC rules require every artificial or prerecorded voice message to state at the beginning who is responsible for the call, give a callback number, and offer an automated opt out on telemarketing calls. Sales calls must also respect the national Do Not Call registry and the FTC Telemarketing Sales Rule, which requires the caller to promptly identify the seller and say the purpose is a sale. Calls a customer places to you are treated differently from calls you place to them.
FCC Declaratory Ruling on AI generated voices, FCC 24-17, CG Docket No. 23-362 (February 8, 2024) · Telephone Consumer Protection Act, 47 U.S.C. 227 · FCC rules on telephone solicitation and artificial or prerecorded voice messages, 47 C.F.R. 64.1200 · FTC Telemarketing Sales Rule, 16 C.F.R. Part 310 · FTC National Do Not Call Registry
All 50 states and DC
| State | AI disclosure | Outbound calls | Rule and what to do |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | no AI-specific statute | federal rules apply | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Alabama as of September 2026. Public Service Commission rules require an automated solicitation call to state the name and telephone number of the party paying for the call within twenty seconds, restrict calling hours, and require the equipment to release the line within ten seconds. Consent itself is governed by the federal baseline. The state Do Not Call Register and the Alabama Telemarketing Act add registration and identification duties for outbound sales calls. Have the agent open every call with the dealership name, a callback number and a plain statement that it is an automated assistant, since Alabama already requires the identifying details. Offer a live person whenever the customer asks. Ala. Admin. Code r. 770-X-5-.17, live and automated solicitations · Alabama Attorney General, Alabama Telemarketing Act |
| Alaska | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Alaska as of September 2026. Alaska prohibits automated or recorded message advertising and solicitation calls, with exceptions for calls the recipient asked for, surveys, business to business calls and calls to recent customers, and it separately bars calls to numbers on the national registry. Violations feed the state consumer protection act, which allows a private suit for treble damages or five hundred dollars. Inbound calls a customer places are outside the prohibition. Because Alaska restricts recorded message solicitation outright, treat outbound AI calling as consent only and lean on the recent customer exception with care. The agent should say it is an automated assistant at the start and offer a person on request. Alaska Statutes, Title 45, Chapter 50 (Alaska State Legislature) |
| Arizona | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Arizona as of September 2026. Arizona makes it a misdemeanor to use an automated dialing system with a recorded message for a sales call or a sales related survey unless the person gave prior express invitation or permission or there is an existing business relationship. Arizona also folds the national registry into state law and adds registration and disclosure duties for telephone sellers. Answering an inbound call the customer placed is not covered by the automated solicitation ban. Outbound AI calls in Arizona should ride on written consent or a documented existing relationship, and the agent should identify the dealership and say it is automated in its opening line. Hand the call to a person the moment the customer asks for one. Ariz. Rev. Stat. 13-2919, automated telephone solicitation |
| Arkansas | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Arkansas as of September 2026. Arkansas makes it a felony to use an automated dialing system with a recorded message to solicit the sale of goods or services, with exceptions for calls the recipient started and for order status and delivery calls. The Consumer Telephone Privacy Act merges the state list into the national registry and applies an eighteen month existing customer window. Arkansas also bars misleading caller identification by telephone sellers. Arkansas is one of the strictest states for recorded sales calls, so keep outbound AI calling to service and appointment purposes or to customers who gave written consent. The agent should name the dealership, say it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. Arkansas Attorney General, Do Not Call and telemarketing · Arkansas General Assembly, Arkansas Code |
| California | required | consent required | California has the clearest artificial voice rule in the country for telephone calls. Before an automatic dialing and announcing device may play a message to a California phone, an unrecorded natural voice must state the nature of the call and the business name, address and telephone number, ask whether the person consents to hear the recorded message, and inform the person if that message uses an artificial voice, meaning a voice generated or significantly altered by artificial intelligence. Calls are barred between nine at night and nine in the morning. On outbound California calls the opening line must name the dealership, say the message uses an AI generated voice and ask permission before continuing, and the system must drop the line when the call ends. Transfer to a person as soon as the customer asks. Cal. Pub. Util. Code 2874, automatic dialing and announcing devices · Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code 17940, Bolstering Online Transparency Act definitions |
| Colorado | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute is in force in Colorado as of September 2026. The Colorado AI Act never took effect, and in May 2026 the legislature repealed and replaced it with a narrower automated decision making law that starts January 1, 2027 and is aimed at consequential decisions such as lending rather than ordinary sales calls. Today a dealership follows the Colorado no call list, the commercial telephone seller rules and the federal baseline. Colorado has no current AI script requirement, so set the practical baseline yourself: the agent names the dealership, says it is an automated assistant and offers a person on request. Watch the January 2027 law if the agent ever touches financing decisions. Colorado General Assembly, S.B. 26-189 automated decision making technology · Colorado General Assembly, S.B. 24-205 consumer protections for artificial intelligence |
| Connecticut | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute reaching an ordinary dealership call was identified in Connecticut as of September 2026. Connecticut requires prior express written consent before a telephone solicitor makes a sales call to a consumer, which is broader than the federal rule and covers live and automated calls alike. Violations carry penalties up to twenty thousand dollars per call and count as unfair trade practices. The 2026 artificial intelligence act covers companion systems, AI subscriptions and employment tools, not sales calls. Do not place outbound AI sales calls into Connecticut without signed written consent on file. On every call the agent should name the dealership, say it is an automated assistant and offer to bring in a person. Conn. Gen. Stat. Chapter 743m, telemarketing · 2026 Conn. Pub. Acts No. 26-15 |
| Delaware | no AI-specific statute | federal rules apply | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Delaware as of September 2026, and Delaware has no separate automatic dialing device statute. The Telemarketing Registration and Fraud Prevention Act requires the caller to disclose the caller name and the seller name at the start of a covered call, requires registration and bonding, and requires honoring a stop calling request for ten years. Consent for automated and prerecorded calls comes from the federal baseline and the national registry. Delaware already requires the agent to give the caller name and the seller name up front, so add one clause saying it is an automated assistant. Log every stop calling request, because Delaware makes those requests last ten years. 6 Del. C. Chapter 25A, Telemarketing Registration and Fraud Prevention Act · Delaware Department of Justice, telemarketing |
| District of Columbia | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in the District of Columbia as of September 2026. The District bans using an automated dialing system with a prerecorded message for commercial solicitation, with narrow exceptions for government emergency messages and for calls to a customer about goods or services already ordered. The system must release the line within ten seconds after the called party hangs up. Telemarketers must also register, post a bond and observe the eight to nine calling window. Treat outbound AI sales calling into the District as off limits and confine the agent to inbound calls and to service follow up on an order the customer already placed. The agent should still say it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. D.C. Code 34-1701, ban on automated telephone dialing systems for commercial solicitation · D.C. Code 22-3226.08, abusive telemarketing acts or practices |
| Florida | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Florida as of September 2026. The Florida Telephone Solicitation Act requires prior express written consent before a sales call that uses an automated system for the selection and dialing of numbers or the playing of a recorded message. Consumers may sue for five hundred dollars a call, trebled for willful violations, and the state runs its own do not call list through the agriculture department. Florida is one of the most heavily litigated states for outbound calling. Collect a signed, specific written consent before the agent calls a Florida number, and keep the consent record tied to the phone number it covers. The agent should name the dealership, say it is automated and offer a person on request. Fla. Stat. 501.059, telephone solicitation · Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Do Not Call |
| Georgia | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute is in force in Georgia as of September 2026. Automated dialing and announcing calls need a Public Service Commission permit plus either prior written consent or verbal consent captured after a live introduction, the recorded message must state the caller name and telephone number within twenty five seconds and again at the end, and the system must disconnect within ten seconds. A 2026 chatbot law takes effect July 1, 2027 and is aimed at companion systems. Check the permit and consent posture before any outbound AI campaign in Georgia, because the state gates automated calls at the front door. The agent should give the dealership name and number early and say plainly that it is an automated assistant. Georgia Consumer Protection Division, Georgia No Call Law · Georgia Public Service Commission, telecommunications |
| Hawaii | no AI-specific statute | federal rules apply | Hawaii enacted an artificial intelligence disclosure act in July 2026, but it applies to operators of AI companion systems that build a sustained relationship with an account holder, so it does not reach a dealership sales or service call. No other AI-specific disclosure statute was identified. The Telemarketing Fraud Prevention Act requires telephone solicitors to register, follow the national registry and keep internal do not call records. Consent for automated and prerecorded calls comes from the federal baseline. Hawaii imposes no AI script requirement on a dealership call, so adopt the practical baseline: the agent names the dealership, says it is an automated assistant and offers a person on request. Keep your internal do not call list current. Haw. Rev. Stat. Chapter 481P, Telemarketing Fraud Prevention Act · Hawaii S.B. 3001 C.D. 1, Artificial Intelligence Disclosure and Safety Act |
| Idaho | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Idaho as of September 2026. Idaho requires an automatic dialing and announcing call to disclose at the start of the message the name of the person the message is made for, the purpose of the message and contact information for the caller, and a solicitor must stop the call immediately on request. Idaho also runs an opt out list alongside the national registry and allows a private consumer protection suit. Idaho already forces an opening identification, so extend it with a clause saying the assistant is automated. Build an immediate stop on request into the agent and route to a person whenever the customer asks. Idaho Code 48-1003C, automatic dialing and announcing devices · Idaho Code 48-1003A, telephone solicitation contact list |
| Illinois | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute reaching a dealership call was identified in Illinois as of September 2026. Under the Automatic Telephone Dialers Act, unless the system disconnects within thirty seconds, a live operator must give the caller name, the business name, address and telephone number and the purpose of the call, then ask consent before any prerecorded message plays. Both Illinois telemarketing acts allow private suits for treble damages or five hundred dollars a call. Illinois expects a human style introduction and an explicit yes before a recording plays, so treat outbound AI calls as consent only and keep the opening identification complete. The agent should say it is an automated assistant and pass to a person on request. 815 ILCS 305, Automatic Telephone Dialers Act · 815 ILCS 413, Telephone Solicitations Act |
| Indiana | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Indiana as of September 2026. Indiana is unusually strict: an automatic dialing and announcing device may not be used unless the subscriber asked for or authorized the message in advance, or a live operator obtains consent before the message plays on that call. The operator must give the business name, the purpose, the goods or services and any request for payment. Calls are limited to nine in the morning through eight at night. Outbound AI calling into Indiana needs documented advance authorization from the customer, because a fully automated agent cannot supply the live operator the statute contemplates. On every call have the agent say it is an automated assistant and offer a person. Ind. Code Title 24, Trade Regulation (Indiana General Assembly) |
| Iowa | no AI-specific statute | federal rules apply | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Iowa as of September 2026, and Iowa repealed its automatic dialing statute in 2018. Both the Iowa Utilities Commission and the Iowa Attorney General now point consumers to the federal registry rather than a state list, so the federal baseline supplies the consent test for automated and prerecorded calls. A 2026 conversational AI law is aimed at minors and does not apply until July 2027. General consumer fraud rules still apply. Iowa adds nothing beyond the federal rules today, so run the practical baseline: the agent names the dealership, says it is an automated assistant and offers a person on request. Scrub outbound lists against the national registry. Iowa Code 476.57, repealed · Iowa Utilities Commission, Do Not Call Registry |
| Kansas | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Kansas as of September 2026. On an unsolicited consumer call a solicitor must identify itself, identify the business and state the purpose immediately on contact, stop promptly on a negative response and disconnect within twenty five seconds after the called party hangs up. Kansas adopts the national registry as its own no call list and requires scrubbing at least every thirty days. Written consent and recent customer relationships are exceptions. Kansas requires the identification to come immediately, so put the dealership name, the purpose and the automated assistant disclosure in the agent's first sentence. Stop the call as soon as the customer says no and offer a person on request. Kan. Stat. Ann. 50-670, unsolicited consumer telephone calls · Kan. Stat. Ann. 50-670a, Kansas No-Call Act |
| Kentucky | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Kentucky as of September 2026. Automated calling equipment must state the caller name and telephone number within the first twenty five seconds and again at the end, must terminate within ten seconds if the person does not consent or hangs up, and may only be used between eight in the morning and nine at night. Kentucky separately bars artificial or prerecorded voice solicitation of residential numbers without prior express consent. Kentucky already requires the agent to give a name and a staffed callback number early, so add a clear automated assistant line and a fast disconnect. Route to a person whenever the customer asks. Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. 367.461, conditions for use of automated calling equipment · Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. 367.46955, prohibited telephone solicitation practices |
| Louisiana | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute reaching a commercial call was identified in Louisiana as of September 2026. Automated dialing and recorded message calls are unlawful without consent, and consent is valid only when a live operator introduces the call and states an intent to play a recorded message, or the device lets the person indicate consent. That consent covers one call only. The message must state the caller name and telephone number within twenty five seconds and again at the end. Louisiana treats consent as per call, so an outbound AI campaign needs a consent step on each call and a staffed callback number. The agent should say at the start that it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. La. Stat. Ann. 45:811, prohibited practices · La. Stat. Ann. 45:812, agreement of consent to receive calls |
| Maine | required | consent required | Maine requires disclosure. A person may not use an artificial intelligence chatbot in trade or commerce in a way that may mislead a reasonable consumer into believing they are dealing with a human unless the consumer is clearly and conspicuously told otherwise, and the definition expressly covers aural as well as text communication. Maine separately bans automated and prerecorded calls to residential, mobile, unlisted and toll free numbers without prior written express consent, with narrow exceptions. In Maine the agent must state that the customer is not speaking with a human, and it should do so in its first sentence on both inbound and outbound calls. Do not place automated outbound calls without prior written consent, and offer a person on request. 10 M.R.S. 1500-DD, required disclosure of use of artificial intelligence chatbot · 10 M.R.S. 1498, telephone solicitation and automated calling devices |
| Maryland | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Maryland as of September 2026. The Stop the Spam Calls Act requires prior express written consent before a telephone solicitation that uses an automated system to select or dial numbers or to play a recorded message, bars spoofed caller identification, limits calls to the eight to eight window and caps calls at three in twenty four hours on the same subject. The older Maryland telephone act also carries federal standards into state law. Maryland's automated system definition is broader than the federal one, so get signed written consent before the agent dials and keep a call frequency cap in the dialing rules. The agent should identify itself as automated and offer a person on request. Md. Code Ann., Com. Law 14-4502, Stop the Spam Calls Act · Md. Code Ann., Com. Law 14-3201, Maryland Telephone Consumer Protection Act |
| Massachusetts | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Massachusetts as of September 2026. The Do Not Call Registry regulation bars making an unsolicited telephone sales call to a consumer by recorded message device at all, subject to its own exceptions, requires the sales purpose, the telemarketer name and the seller name within the first minute, and bars calls between eight at night and eight in the morning. The general law requires the system to send a disconnect signal within five seconds. Treat outbound recorded and AI sales calling into Massachusetts as prohibited and keep the agent on inbound calls and on service matters the customer asked about. The agent should still say it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. 201 CMR 12.00, Massachusetts Do Not Call Registry · Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 159, 19B, automatic telephone dialing systems |
| Michigan | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute reaching a commercial call was identified in Michigan as of September 2026. Michigan bars a telephone solicitation that consists in whole or in part of a recorded message, and separately bars delivering a recorded commercial advertising message unless the subscriber knowingly and voluntarily consented or supplied the number. Caller identification blocking is prohibited and the line must be released as soon as the subscriber hangs up. Consumers may recover one thousand dollars plus attorney fees. Michigan gives customers a statutory damages claim for unconsented recorded sales calls, so keep outbound AI calling tied to numbers the customer supplied and consent you can prove. The agent should say it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. Mich. Comp. Laws 484.125, recorded messages and automatic dialing devices · Mich. Comp. Laws 445.111a, telephone solicitation |
| Minnesota | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Minnesota as of September 2026. Minnesota bars using an automatic dialing and announcing device unless the subscriber knowingly requested or authorized the message in advance, or a live operator obtains consent immediately before the message plays. The system must disconnect within ten seconds after the subscriber hangs up, and calls are limited to nine in the morning through nine at night. Violations support a private action and attorney general penalties. A fully automated agent cannot supply the live operator Minnesota expects, so outbound AI calling should rest on advance authorization you can document. On every call the agent should say it is an automated assistant and offer a person. Minn. Stat. 325E.27, use of prerecorded or synthesized voice messages · Minn. Stat. 325E.31, enforcement |
| Mississippi | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Mississippi as of September 2026. The Telephone Solicitation Act bars an automated dialing system or similar system using a recorded voice message unless the caller has an existing business relationship and uses the recording to describe a new product or service, requires a live solicitor to announce name, company and purpose at the start, and limits calls to daytime hours. Mississippi uses the national registry rather than a separate state list. Mississippi exempts a licensed in state motor vehicle dealer from parts of this article when the call is only about selling vehicles, but that carve out does not touch the federal rules, so keep consent records anyway. Have the agent say it is an automated assistant and offer a person. Mississippi Legislature, Mississippi Code |
| Missouri | required | consent required, with exceptions | Missouri requires disclosure. If a telemarketing call is made by any recorded, computer generated, electronically generated or other voice communication, that voice must promptly at the beginning of the call inform the consumer that the call is being made by such a voice. The statute predates the current AI wording but plainly reaches a computer generated voice. Missouri also runs a no call list, limits calling hours and lets consumers sue for up to five thousand dollars per knowing violation. On Missouri sales calls the agent's first sentence must say the call is being made by a computer generated voice, alongside the dealership name and the sales purpose. Use the same opening on service calls and hand off to a person on request. Mo. Rev. Stat. 407.1073, telemarketers required disclosures · Mo. Rev. Stat. 407.1107, private action |
| Montana | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute reaching a commercial call was identified in Montana as of September 2026. Montana makes it a criminal offense to use an automated system to dial numbers and play a recorded message offering goods, services or information unless an existing business relationship applies or a live operator obtains the called party's permission before the recording plays. Montana also runs a state no call list tied to the national registry and requires telemarketer registration. Because Montana contemplates a live operator taking permission first, base outbound AI calling on a documented existing relationship and keep records of it. The agent should open by naming the dealership, saying it is an automated assistant and offering a person. Mont. Code Ann. 45-8-216, unlawful automated telephone solicitation · Mont. Code Ann. 30-14-1602, telephone solicitation no call list |
| Nebraska | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Nebraska as of September 2026. Under the Automatic Dialing-Announcing Devices Act the message must state at the beginning the identity of the person it is transmitted for and give a callback number and address, calls are limited to eight in the morning through nine at night, and the device must release the line within five seconds of a hang up. Residential solicitors must also keep a written do not call policy and train staff. Nebraska already requires the identity and callback details at the top of the message, so add a clause saying the assistant is automated. Keep the written do not call policy current and route to a person on request. Neb. Rev. Stat. 86-256, required content of automatic dialing announcing device message · Neb. Rev. Stat. 86-248, do not call policy requirements |
| Nevada | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | Nevada requires a natural voice to tell the person the nature of the call, including that an automatic dialing and announcing device will play the message if they stay on the line, before any recording runs. That definition only covers equipment using a random or sequential number generator, and there is a preexisting business relationship exception, so a dealership calling its own customer list often falls outside it. No AI-specific statute reaching a dealership call was identified, and a 2025 AI law covers mental health services only. Even where the Nevada device rule does not technically apply, follow its logic: the agent tells the customer at the start that it is an automated assistant, names the dealership and gives a callback number. Offer a person on request and never call back after a hang up. Nev. Rev. Stat. 597.814, devices for automatic dialing and announcing · Nevada A.B. 406 (2025), artificial intelligence and mental health |
| New Hampshire | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in New Hampshire as of September 2026. An automated solicitation message must immediately disclose the caller name or organization and the purpose of the call and the goods or services offered, the system must release the line within thirty seconds of a hang up, and the caller must register with the Consumer Protection Bureau at least ten business days before use. Consumers may sue for a thousand dollars a call, trebled for willful violations. Register before running any automated outbound campaign in New Hampshire and put the name, purpose and automated assistant disclosure in the agent's opening sentence. Offer a person as soon as the customer asks. N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. Chapter 359-E, telephone solicitations |
| New Jersey | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute is in force in New Jersey as of September 2026, and bills that would require notice when generative AI is used in trade and commerce remain pending. New Jersey bars delivering a recorded telephone message to a subscriber unless a live operator introduces the call and obtains consent first, or a prior or current relationship exists. Telemarketers must register, identify themselves and the party represented within thirty seconds and avoid the nine to eight window. Lean on the existing relationship path for outbound AI calls in New Jersey and keep the record that supports it. The agent should name the dealership and the party it represents within the first thirty seconds, say it is an automated assistant and offer a person. New Jersey Telemarketing Do Not Call Act, P.L. 2003 c. 76 · New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs, telemarketers and do not call |
| New Mexico | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in New Mexico as of September 2026. The Unfair Practices Act requires a telephone solicitor to disclose the sponsor name and the primary purpose of the call within fifteen seconds of the call being answered, places restrictions on automated dialing systems used for sales, and bars soliciting a residential subscriber whose number has been on the national registry for at least three months. Unfair practices claims generally support a private suit. New Mexico gives you a fifteen second window, so the agent's opening line should carry the dealership name, the purpose and a plain statement that it is an automated assistant. Offer a person on request and scrub against the national registry. New Mexico Compilation Commission, New Mexico Statutes Annotated |
| New York | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | New York requires an automatic dialing and announcing call to state at the beginning the nature of the call and the name of the party it is made for, to give an address and telephone number at the end, and to disconnect when either party ends the call. Random and sequential dialing is barred and consumers may sue. The 2025 AI companion law expressly excludes systems used only for customer service, so no AI-specific rule reaches a dealership call. New York already forces a nature of the call statement at the very start, so make that sentence say the dealership name, the reason for the call and that the assistant is automated. Offer a person on request and honor do not call requests. N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law 399-p, automatic dialing and announcing devices · N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Article 47, AI companion models |
| North Carolina | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in North Carolina as of September 2026. North Carolina bars using an automatic dialing and recorded message player for an unsolicited call except in listed situations. The main commercial path requires a live operator to identify the solicitor, state the nature and length in minutes of the recorded message and get approval before it plays. Separate exceptions cover appointment reminders, existing debts and contracts and service notices. Appointment and service notice calls fit North Carolina's exceptions more comfortably than sales calls, so scope outbound AI calling accordingly. The agent should identify the dealership and its contact details and say clearly that it is an automated assistant. N.C. Gen. Stat. 75-104, restrictions on automatic dialing and recorded message players · N.C. Gen. Stat. 75-102, restrictions on telephone solicitations |
| North Dakota | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in North Dakota as of September 2026. North Dakota prohibits telemarketing messages delivered by a prerecorded or synthesized voice without the recipient's prior express written consent, which is a stricter standard than the federal rule for non marketing calls. Solicitors must identify themselves and their organization at the start of the call and give callback contact information, and the state runs a do not call registry coordinated with the federal one. North Dakota's written consent standard covers synthesized voices explicitly, so do not run outbound AI calling there without a signed consent for that number. The agent should identify the dealership at the start, say it is automated and offer a person. N.D. Cent. Code Chapter 51-28, telephone solicitations |
| Ohio | no AI-specific statute | federal rules apply | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Ohio as of September 2026, and Ohio has no separate automatic dialing statute. Ohio makes a violation of the federal telemarketing statutes and the Telephone Consumer Protection Act a violation of state law, so the federal baseline supplies the consent test. A telephone solicitor must orally state its true name, the company represented and that the purpose is a sale within the first sixty seconds. Purchasers may sue under the Telephone Solicitors Act. Ohio borrows the federal consent rules, so compliance turns on your federal consent records. Put the dealership name, the sales purpose and an automated assistant statement in the agent's opening and offer a person on request. Ohio Rev. Code 109.87, telemarketing violations of federal law · Ohio Rev. Code 4719.06, telephone solicitor disclosures |
| Oklahoma | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Oklahoma as of September 2026. An automatic dial announcing device may only run if the called party started the call, the call concerns a prior purchase, it is a creditor call, or a live operator starts the call and offers the chance to hang up before the prerecorded or synthesized message plays. The 2022 Telephone Solicitation Act separately requires prior express written consent for any commercial call using an autodialer or a recorded message. Oklahoma now requires signed written consent before an automated or recorded commercial call, and its device rule expects a live introduction, so treat outbound AI calling as consent only. The agent should name the dealership, say it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. Okla. Stat. tit. 15, 755.1, automatic dial announcing device · Oklahoma Statutes, Title 15 (Oklahoma State Courts Network) |
| Oregon | no AI-specific statute | federal rules apply | No AI-specific disclosure statute is in force in Oregon as of September 2026, and a 2026 chatbot law aimed at companion systems does not start until 2027. Oregon does regulate automatic dialing and announcing devices: the call must offer a one key or one word opt out within the first ten seconds, release the line within ten seconds of a hang up, run only from eight in the morning to eight at night and not exceed three calls a day. Consent itself follows the federal baseline. Build the Oregon opt out into the agent's first ten seconds and cap outbound attempts at three a day. The agent should name the dealership, say it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. Or. Rev. Stat. Chapter 646A, automatic dialing and announcing devices · Or. Rev. Stat. Chapter 646, unlawful telephone solicitations |
| Pennsylvania | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Pennsylvania as of September 2026. A July 2026 omnibus amendment rewrote the Telemarketer Registration Act, defining a robocall as a solicitation using an automated dialing system to deliver a prerecorded or artificial voice, and defining prior express written consent for the first time. That consent must name the telephone number, be signed, and say that consenting is not a condition of purchase. Registration, hour limits and a state do not call list also apply. Pennsylvania's 2026 rewrite puts an artificial voice call squarely inside the robocall definition, so collect the signed written consent before the agent dials. It should name the dealership, say it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. Pennsylvania 2026 Act 47, Telemarketer Registration Act omnibus amendments · Pennsylvania 1996 Act 134, Telemarketer Registration Act |
| Rhode Island | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute is in force in Rhode Island as of September 2026, and a 2026 chatbot law does not start until 2027. Rhode Island bars a telephonic seller from using an automatic dialing and announcing device unless the subscriber already consented or a live operator obtains consent immediately before the message plays. That operator must state the business name, the purpose and the kinds of goods or services at the outset, and the device must release the line within five seconds. A fully automated agent cannot supply the live operator Rhode Island expects, so outbound AI calls there need consent the customer already gave. The agent should state the dealership name and purpose at the outset, say it is an automated assistant and offer a person. R.I. Gen. Laws 5-61-3.4, use of prerecorded or synthesized voice messages · R.I. Gen. Laws Chapter 5-61, Telephone Sales Solicitation Act |
| South Carolina | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in South Carolina as of September 2026. Under the Telephone Privacy Protection Act, when no live solicitor is available within two seconds of the greeting the call must play an identification and opt out message naming the party behind the call with a callback number, plus an automated opt out that records the request and ends the call. An older criminal statute also limits recorded message calls to consented, existing debt and prior customer situations. Build the two second identification and the automated opt out into the agent before calling any South Carolina number, and honor do not call requests for five years. The agent should say it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. S.C. Code Ann. Title 37, Chapter 21, Telephone Privacy Protection Act · S.C. Code Ann. 16-17-446, automatically dialed announcing device |
| South Dakota | no AI-specific statute | federal rules apply | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in South Dakota as of September 2026, and no state rule requiring an automated call to identify itself was confirmed. South Dakota keeps its own do not call register through the Public Utilities Commission and bars a telephone solicitor from making an unsolicited call to any listed number, with penalties up to five thousand dollars a violation. Consent for automated and prerecorded calls follows the federal baseline. Scrub South Dakota outbound lists against the state register as well as the national one. The agent should name the dealership, give a callback number, say it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. S.D. Codified Laws 49-31-99, requirements for telephone solicitors making unsolicited calls · S.D. Codified Laws 49-31-101, state do not call register |
| Tennessee | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute reaching a dealership call was identified in Tennessee as of September 2026, and no state automated call disclosure rule was confirmed in this review. The 2024 ELVIS Act at Tenn. Code Ann. 47-25-1101 and following protects a person against unauthorized use of a simulated voice but creates no duty to tell the called party that the caller is automated. Tennessee runs a do not call program through its Public Utility Commission and the federal baseline governs consent. Never clone a real salesperson's voice for the agent without that person's written permission, because Tennessee protects voice likeness. The agent should name the dealership, say it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. Tennessee S.B. 2096 (2024), Ensuring Likeness, Voice, and Image Security Act · Tennessee Public Utility Commission |
| Texas | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | Texas bars using an automatic dial announcing device to call a mobile number for the purpose of making a sale where the called person is charged and has not consented, and it runs its own no call list alongside the federal registry. Consumers may sue in state court for federal telephone act violations. The 2026 artificial intelligence act puts its consumer disclosure duty on governmental agencies and health care, not on a dealership, so no AI-specific rule reaches these calls. Texas gives customers a state court claim for federal violations and its own mobile number consent rule, so your consent records carry the weight. The agent should name the dealership, say it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. Texas H.B. 149 (2025), Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act · Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Chapter 305, automatic dial announcing devices and civil actions · Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Chapter 304, telemarketing and the Texas no call list |
| Utah | on request | federal rules apply | Utah requires disclosure on request. A supplier that uses generative artificial intelligence to interact with a person in a consumer transaction must say the person is dealing with generative AI and not a human if the person clearly asks. Utah also gives a safe harbor when the system clearly discloses at the outset and throughout that it is generative AI, is not human, or is an artificial intelligence assistant. Utah's telemarketing law is a registration regime, so consent follows the federal baseline. Take the Utah safe harbor: have the agent say at the start and again during long calls that it is an artificial intelligence assistant and not a person. Always answer a direct question about whether it is AI honestly and offer a person. Utah Code 13-77-103, required disclosures · Utah Code 13-77-104, safe harbor · Utah Code 13-26-108, Telephone Fraud Prevention Act prohibited practices |
| Vermont | no AI-specific statute | federal rules apply | No AI-specific disclosure statute is in force in Vermont as of September 2026, and a bill that would require telling consumers they are dealing with a chatbot remains pending. Vermont requires telemarketers to register and transmit caller identification, runs a state telephone preference list, and makes a violation of the federal robocall and do not call rules a violation of Vermont law as well. Consumers may sue for five hundred dollars or more a call. Vermont mirrors the federal robocall rules and adds its own damages, so treat the federal consent standard as the operating rule. The agent should name the dealership, say it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. 9 V.S.A. 2464e, robocalls · 9 V.S.A. Chapter 63, consumer protection |
| Virginia | no AI-specific statute | federal rules apply | No AI-specific disclosure statute is in force in Virginia as of September 2026, and the 2025 high risk AI bill was vetoed. The Telephone Privacy Protection Act requires a solicitor to disclose at the outset the caller's first and last name and the entity the call is made for, and requires an abandoned call to play a message giving the entity name, a telephone number and an opt out number. Consent for prerecorded calls follows the federal baseline. Virginia expects a named individual and the entity at the outset, so give the agent a consistent name plus the dealership name and an automated assistant statement. Consumers can sue per call, so honor opt outs immediately and offer a person. Va. Code Ann. Chapter 44, Virginia Telephone Privacy Protection Act · Va. Code Ann. 59.1-512, required disclosures |
| Washington | no AI-specific statute | consent required | Washington flatly bars using an automatic dialing and announcing device for commercial solicitation, with no consent exception, and a violation is automatically an unfair practice with presumed damages. A telephone solicitor must identify itself, the entity and the purpose of the call within the first thirty seconds and end the call within ten seconds of a request to stop. A 2026 companion chatbot law starting in 2027 excludes customer service systems, so no AI-specific rule applies. Do not run automated outbound commercial solicitation into Washington at all, and keep the agent on inbound calls and on service matters. Within the first thirty seconds it should name the dealership, state the purpose and say it is an automated assistant, then stop on request. Wash. Rev. Code 80.36.400, automatic dialing and announcing device · Wash. Rev. Code 80.36.390, telephone solicitation |
| West Virginia | no AI-specific statute | federal rules apply | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in West Virginia as of September 2026. The telemarketing article defines a telemarketer to include a person communicating through an automated dialing machine and requires prompt disclosure of the telemarketer's true identity, that the purpose is to sell goods or services and the nature of those goods or services. West Virginia has no separate state consent standard for automated calls, so the federal baseline governs. Consumers may sue for statutory damages. West Virginia's disclosure duties already apply to an automated dialing machine, so state the identity, the sales purpose and the automated assistant fact at the start. Offer a person on request and keep federal consent records. W. Va. Code 46A-6F-401, required disclosures · W. Va. Code 46A-6F-113, definition of telemarketer |
| Wisconsin | no AI-specific statute | consent required | No AI-specific disclosure statute reaching a commercial call was identified in Wisconsin as of September 2026. A telephone solicitor must identify itself and the seller at the beginning of the call, and Wisconsin bars using an electronically prerecorded message without the recipient's consent. The consumer protection rule requires a signed prior written agreement that includes the telephone number before any prerecorded message may be used, and it must say that signing is not a condition of purchase. Wisconsin requires a signed prior agreement before a prerecorded message plays, so collect that consent before the agent dials and keep it with the number. The agent should identify the dealership and the seller up front, say it is automated and offer a person. Wis. Stat. 100.52, telephone solicitations · Wis. Admin. Code ATCP 127, trade practices |
| Wyoming | no AI-specific statute | consent required, with exceptions | No AI-specific disclosure statute was identified in Wyoming as of September 2026. A solicitor must disclose at the outset of the conversation, clearly and conspicuously, the caller's name, the merchant's identity with a telephone number and address, that the purpose is to sell goods or services and the nature of those goods or services. Wyoming separately bars automated sales calls unless the person called started the call, the list is screened against the national registry, or an existing business relationship applies. Wyoming's automated call rule turns on inbound calls, screened lists and existing customers, so scope outbound AI calling to those paths. The agent should give the full opening disclosure, say it is an automated assistant and offer a person on request. Wyo. Stat. Ann. Title 40, Chapter 12, telephone solicitation |
Questions about AI callers and disclosure
Does an AI voice agent have to say it is an AI?
Federal rules for artificial or prerecorded voice calls require the message to identify who is calling and, for marketing calls, to have the right consent; several states add their own disclosure rules. The practical baseline on this page is to identify the assistant as automated at the start of every call and offer a person on request. This is general information, not legal advice.
Can a dealership use an AI agent to answer missed calls?
Answering an inbound call the customer placed is a different situation from placing an outbound marketing call. The inbound side is mostly about identification and recording notice; the outbound side is where consent, do-not-call and artificial-voice rules apply. Check your state's entry and confirm with counsel.
What changed with the FCC ruling on AI voices?
In February 2024 the FCC made clear that calls using AI-generated voices are "artificial" voice calls under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, so the consent and identification rules for artificial or prerecorded voice calls apply to them. The federal summary on this page links to the ruling.